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S. S. Navi ¹, S. Lingappa ¹, R. K. Patil ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 580 005, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

An investigation was carried out during 2007-08 at Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to evaluate new molecules of insecticides against the predatory brown lacewing, Micromus igorotus Banks in laboratory conditions. Insecticides showed distinct deleterious effect on different life stages of M. igorotus. Emamectin benzoate was highly toxic to all the stages of the predator by recording least LC₅₀ values ranging from 0.001032-0.00314. Thiodicarb was the least toxic to eggs (LC₅₀: 0.159262) and grubs (LC₅₀: 0.007240), profenophos was safe to pupa (LC₅₀: 0.026570), while indoxacarb was 505050 the safest to adult (LC₅₀: 0.003115). Relative toxicity of chemicals when compared to their field concentration against target pest revealed that safety margin was the lowest for profenophos to eggs and grubs, followed by methomyl. Among the insecticides tested, emamectin benzoate was highly toxic to all stages of M. igorotus, while thiodicarb was the least toxic to eggs and larval stages, however, profenophos and indoxacarb were the least toxic to pupae and adults, respectively.

Keywords

New Molecule, Insecticides, Micromus igorotus, Toxicity.

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U. H. Kesarasing ¹, R. K. Patil ¹, Y. H. Sujay ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 580 005, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Field experiments against ischolar_main grubs in sugarcane and arecanut were laid out at Agricultural Research Station, Sankeshwar, Belgaum district and Sugavi village in Sirsi taluk of Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka, India, respectively. Application of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Ma-1) against sugarcane white grub, Holotrichia serrata (Hope) at 1x10¹³ conidia ha^-1 was found next best to chlorpyriphos and registered 91.95% reduction in grub population (60 DAT). The highest cane yield was recorded when M. anisopliae was applied @ 1x10¹³ conidia ha^-1 (94.21t ha^-1) and it was on par with chlorpyriphos @ 3lit a.i. ha^-1 (93.76t ha^-1). However, incremental benefit-cost ratio (IBCR) was high with higher dose of mycopathogen (7.83) followed by drenching of chlorpyriphos @ 2lit a.i. ha^-1 (6.09). Application of M. anisopliae (Ma-1) against arecanut white grub, Leucopholis lepidophora (Blanchard) @ 2x10¹³ conidia ha^-1 recorded 77.10% reduction in grub population and was next best to chlorpyriphos drenching @ 1 lit. a.i. ha^-1 (96.80%).

Keywords

Sugarcane, Arecanut, Holotrichia serrata, Leucopholis lepidophora, Metarhizium anisopliae, Field Evaluation.

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D. R. Mallikarjuna ¹, R. K. Patil ¹, Y. H. Sujay ¹, G. K. Ramegowda ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580 005, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson is a potential entomopathogenic fungus against lepidopteran pests. This was formulated as wettable powder and oil-based formulations to increase its efficiency in the field by using different carrier materials and oils and these were evaluated in the laboratory against two important noctuid pests, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Among the wettable powder formulations of N. rileyi, viz., bentonite + glucose (7:1), talc + glucose (7:1), bentonite + sucrose (7:1) and talc + sucrose (7:1) recorded 87.0, 74.0, 72.0, 83.0 and 75.0 per cent mortality in S. litura and 79.0, 70.0, 66.0 and 88.0 per cent in H. armigera, respectively. The oil-based formulations (tank mix) with pongamia oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil and groundnut oil recorded 74.0, 90.0, 83.0 and 87.0 per cent mortality in S. litura and 73.0, 89.0, 87.0 and 87.0 per cent in H. armigera, respectively.

Keywords

Formulations, Helicoverpa armigera, Nomuraea rileyi, Oil-Based Formulations, Spodoptera litura.

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Tamogna Saha ¹, R. K. Patil ¹, C. Nithya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia 741 235, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

An experiment on utilization of biopesticides in the management of Apion amplum (Faust) (Apionidae: Coleoptera) was conducted at main research station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2008-09. The results of present study indicated that among the microbial pesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis @ 1 ml/ l performed very well in reducing mean weevil numbers, pod and seed damage to greengram. This was followed by Beauveria bassiana 4 g/l and Metarhizium anisopliae 4g/l in reducing mean weevil numbers, pod and seed damage to greengram. B. thuringiensis treatment recorded highest grain yield 332.00 kg/ ha.

Keywords

Greengram, Apion amplum, Management, Microbial Pesticides and Botanicals.

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V. Rachappa ¹, S. Lingappa ², R. K. Patil ²

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Malnoor 585215, Gulbarga District, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580005, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

An attempt was made to know the variation in field collected isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin under laboratory conditions. Isolates of M. anisopliae collected from different geographical regions were studied for various parameters like growth and sporulation on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and rice based medium, and exhibited considerable variation. Ma3 and Ma4 isolates took 6 days to initiate sporulation while Ma1 and Ma2 isolates took 2 to 3 days on PDA. Mycelial growth in Ma1 and Ma2 isolates, being on par, was significantly higher (38.60 and 42.30 mm, respectively) than the other two isolates (Ma3-32.30 mm and Ma4- 33.19 mm). Ma1 and Ma2 isolates grew faster on rice based medium and yielded conidial yield of 8.93 and 9.32 g per 100 g of medium respectively. Isolate Ma2 was the most virulent against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) with less LC₅₀ values of 1.77 x 10⁶ and 1.98 x 106 conidia per ml followed by Ma1, which was more virulent against Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus). The lethal time (LT₅₀) was low in Ma2 for H. armigera and P. xylostella (126.15 h and 69.74 h, respectively) in contrast to Ma1 that recorded lower LT₅₀ value against O. rhinoceros (294.47h). The results indicate that Ma2 was the best isolate against lepidopteran insects and Ma1 was the best against coleopterans.

Keywords

Bio-Efficacy, Biological Characters, Helicoverpa armigera, Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros, Plutella xylostella.

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R. F. Channagoudar ¹, H. B. Babalad ¹, R. K. Patil ¹, S. I. Halikatti ¹, M. H. Malligwad ¹, M. N. Sreenivasa ¹, K. K. Math ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Organic Farming, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad during Kharif, 2010 and 2011 to study the nutrient management practices for organic cotton production. The results of the two years pooled data revealed that, among the treatment combinations, integrated application of RDF + FYM and green leaf manure as mulch with application of jeevamrutha @ 500 l/ha recorded significantly higher number of bolls per plant (41.37), mean boll weight (5.05 g), kapas weight per plant (116.88 g), kapas yield (1858 kg/ha) over other treatments. Among the organic combinations application of compost (50%) + vermicompost (50%) equivalent to RDF + green leaf manure as mulch with application of jeevamrutha @ 500 l/ha recorded higher number of bolls per plant at 150DAS, mean boll weight, kapas weight per plant, kapas yield , net returns and B:C ratio and was at par with RDF + FYM and which was superior over RDF only. Among the nutrient management practices, application of FYM @ 5t per ha + RDF recorded significantly higher number of bolls per plant (40.13) at 150DAS, mean boll weight (4.87 g), kapas weight per plant (114.69), kapas yield (1777 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 53530) and B:C ratio (2.67) over rest of the treatments. Among the organic manurial treatments, combined application of compost (50%) + vermicompost (50%) equivalent to RDF recorded significantly higher number of bolls per plant (36.53), mean boll weight (4.42 g), kapas weight per plant (107.96) and kapas yield (1579 kg/ha) over other organic manurial treatments but was at par with crop residue (50%) + vermicompost (50%) equivalent to RDF. However, crop residue (50%) + vermicompost (50%) equivalent to RDF recorded significantly higher net returns (57220) and B:C ratio (2.80) over other organic manurial treatments. Among the green manuring treatments, application of green leaf manure (GLM) @ 7.5 t per ha with jeevamrutha @ 500 l/ha surface applied recorded significantly higher number of bolls per plant (36.51), mean boll weight (4.46 g), kapas weight (109.08 g), kapas yield (1621 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 55890) and B:C ratio (2.70) over other green manuring treatments and was at par with lucerene + jeevamrutha.

Keywords

Organic Manures, Green Manures, Liquid Manures, Kapas Yield

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M. Vidya ¹, R. K. Patil ¹, G. K. Ramegowda ¹, S. Lingappa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad- 580 005, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Studies were made to explore the potentiality of Micromus igorotus for the management of aphids in cotton (Aphis gossypii G.), sorghum (Metanaphis sachari Zehntner) and safflower (Uroleucon carthami Theo.) ecosystems during November 2004-December 2005 at main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Post-release observations revealed the presence of a mixture of brown lacewing larvae distinctly different from that of M. igorotus in cotton and sorghum ecosystems. These were identified as Micromus australis Hagen and Micromus timidus Hagen occurence of M. australis in cotton and sorghum ecosystems and on the prey aphids constitutes a new record.

Keywords

Cotton, Ecosystem, Micromus australis, Sorghum.

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Shekharappa ¹, R. K. Patil ¹

Affiliations
1 Sorghum Research Scheme, MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580005, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted for two years (2002-03 and 2003-04) to manage armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker), on sorghum with biopesticides, viz., Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson and MsNPV, and compared with poison bait and chemical control, Spray of N. rileyi at both the doses, viz., 1 x 10⁵ and 2 x 10⁸ conidia l⁻¹, were found to be effective in checking the larval population. The highest yield of 21.14 q ha⁻¹ was obtained in N. rileyi spray at 2 x 10⁸ conidia I⁻¹ and was on par with N. rileyi spray at 1 x 10⁸ conidia I⁻¹. The maximum cost-benefit ratio of 1: 36.45 was obtained in N. rileyi spray at 1 x 10⁸ conidia I⁻¹ followed by N. rileyi spray at 2 x 10⁸ conidia I⁻¹ with a CB ratio of 1: 29.44.

Keywords

Armyworm, Cost-Benefit Ratio, Mythimna separata, MsNPV, Nomuraea rileyi, Sorghum.

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M. Vidya ¹, S. Lingappa ¹, R. K. Patil ¹, G. K. Ramegowda ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad- 580 005, Karnataka., IN

Abstract

Biology and feeding potential of Micromus australis Hagen (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) was studied under laboratory conditions on Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), The predator was observed to pass through three larval instars. On an average first, second and third instars lasted for 2.00 ± 0.0, 1.35 ± 0.49 and 1.76 ± 0.44 days and consumed 58.82 ± 9.68, 67.47 ± 24.56 and 96.18 ± 20.15 aphids, respectively. The fecundity was 818.90 ± 331.81 eggs/female. The individual larvae consumed 213.18 ± 21.95 aphid nymphs to complete the larval duration (5.12 ± 0.49 days) and an adult consumed on an average 585,24 ± 120.49 aphid nymphs over a period of 41.75 ± 11.36 days. Per day consumption of the aphids was 41.82 ± 4.18 and 14,02 ± 9.41 by larva and adult, respectively.

Keywords

Hemerobiidae, Micromus igorotus, Biology, Feeding Potential, Micromus Sp.

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M. S. Puttannavar ¹, R. K. Patil ¹, M. Vidya ¹, G. K. Ramegowda ¹, S. Lingappa ¹, Shekarappa ¹, K. A. Kulkarni ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad 580 005, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

A laboratory study was carried out on biology of sugarcane woolly aphid (SWA) predator, Dipha aphidivora Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Dipha aphidivora occupied 5.6 ± 0.81, 24.61 ± 3.41, 7.80 ± 0.51, 1.65 ± 0.54 and 3.89 ± 0.74 days for incubation. total larval period, pupation, longevity of adult male and female, respectively. The total life cycle lasted for 43.27 ± 5.84 days. During its total larval period of 24.61 ± 3.41 days, a single D.aphidivora consumed on an average 6,074.84 ± 87.6 sugarcane woolly aphids.

Keywords

Biology, Dipha aphidivora, Sugarcane Woolly Aphid.

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R. K. Patil ¹

Affiliations
1 Society for Peoples participation in Ecosystems Management(SOPECOM), Pune, IN

Abstract

The present paper deals with the problems of water management in the surface irrigated areas based on the experience in Maharashtra. The paper reviews the prevailing management system in Maharashtra. The focus of the paper is directed more towards participative water management system as against directed water management institution having higher bureaucratic control. The approach followed for the purpose of analysis is a praclioners approach. which comes out of the experience from managing such a system. It is concluded that most of the weaknesses of the present water management systems could be remedied by assigning management to the farmers' societies. These societies can sell water on equitable basis. In other words, the users will themselves be made responsible to fix the price of water depending on its availability.

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